Author: Dr.Reneesh (Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon – WELLKINS Medical Centre)
As an orthopedic surgeon, I frequently encounter patients with sprains and strains. While these injuries are common, improper management can lead to prolonged recovery, chronic pain, or even complications. Here’s a detailed guide to ensure optimal recovery and prevent further damage.
In my orthopedic practice, I frequently see patients dealing with the aftermath of sprains and strains. While these injuries often seem minor, neglecting proper care can lead to prolonged recovery or chronic issues. 1 This article provides a clear framework of do’s and don’ts to optimize healing and prevent future problems.
Do’s
1. Rest the Affected Area (But Not Completely Immobilize)
Rest is essential in the acute phase (first 24–48 hours) to prevent further injury.
However, prolonged immobilization can lead to stiffness, muscle atrophy, and delayed healing. Gradual movement should be encouraged after the acute phase.
2. Apply Ice (Cryotherapy) in the Acute Phase
Ice helps reduce swelling, inflammation, and pain.
Apply ice wrapped in a cloth for 15–20 minutes every 2–3 hours during the first 48 hours.
Avoid direct contact with ice to prevent frostbite or skin damage.
3. Use Compression to Control Swelling
A compression bandage (elastic wrap) should be applied snugly but not too tight to avoid cutting off circulation. Check for numbness, tingling, or increased pain, which may indicate excessive tightness.
4. Elevate the Limb to Reduce Swelling
Elevation above heart level helps drain excess fluid and minimizes swelling. This is particularly useful for lower limb injuries (ankle, knee).
5. Take Pain Relievers and Anti-Inflammatories Judiciously
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or naproxen help in pain relief and reducing inflammation. However, prolonged NSAID use may delay healing, as inflammation plays a role in tissue repair.
6. Start Gentle Range of Motion and Rehabilitation Early
After the initial pain and swelling subside, early mobilization is key to preventing stiffness and muscle wasting. Start with gentle range-of-motion exercises, followed by strengthening and proprioceptive training to restore function.
7. Seek Medical Attention for Severe Injuries
If there is severe pain, deformity, inability to bear weight, persistent swelling, or bruising, it may indicate a fracture, ligament tear, or tendon injury that requires orthopedic evaluation.
MRI or ultrasound may be necessary for diagnosing ligament or tendon injuries.
Dont’s
1. Don’t Ignore Persistent or Severe Pain
If pain does not improve with basic treatment, it could indicate a more serious injury, such as a ligament tear (e.g., ACL tear) or fracture.
2. Don’t Apply Heat in the Acute Phase
Heat increases blood flow and can worsen swelling and inflammation in the first 48 hours.
Heat therapy is beneficial in the subacute or chronic phase for muscle relaxation.
3. Don’t Massage the Injured Area Immediately
Massage can increase bleeding and swelling in the first few days.
It should be introduced only after the acute inflammation has resolved.
4. Don’t Wrap Too Tightly
A too-tight bandage can cause compartment syndrome, leading to increased pain, numbness, and impaired circulation.
Ensure proper balance—firm compression without cutting off blood supply.
5. Don’t Return to Activities Too Soon
Premature return to activity increases the risk of re-injury.
Athletes should follow a structured rehabilitation program with graded return to sport under medical supervision.
6. Don’t Self-Diagnose or Self-Treat for Severe Injuries
Many patients assume a mild sprain when, in reality, they have a ligament rupture, avulsion fracture, or tendon tear.
Clinical assessment, imaging (X-ray, MRI, ultrasound), and professional guidance are crucial for proper treatment.
Conclusion
Sprains and strains, if managed correctly, heal well with conservative treatment. However, mismanagement or neglect can lead to chronic instability, weakness, or long-term disability. As an orthopedic surgeon, I emphasize a phased approach—early protection, controlled mobilization, strengthening, and gradual return to function—for optimal recovery.
If symptoms persist or worsen, always seek an orthopedic consultation to rule out more serious injuries.
Read more about the orthopedic services at wellkins here: https://wellkins.com/orthopedics/
